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Women Working Well
Evidence & Resources

What we know matters. What we do with it matters too.

There is already substantial research showing that women's health can affect working life — through symptoms, healthcare experiences, absence, presenteeism, productivity, participation, income, career progression and workforce retention.

But the evidence is spread across conditions, countries, disciplines and organisations.

Women Working Well brings those pieces together in one place.

Evidence should help people understand — not overwhelm them.

Our aim is to make credible research easier to find, understand and connect to real working life.

We distinguish between what the evidence shows, what it suggests and what we still do not know.

Women's health evidence often sits in separate places. Working life does not.

A woman may be navigating symptoms, healthcare, work demands, disclosure decisions and career consequences at the same time. Evidence & Resources is where Women Working Well connects those pieces.

Explore the evidence

Different starting points. One connected picture.

Browse by health experience, work outcome or the point where health, healthcare and working life intersect.

01

Menstruation

Symptoms, presenteeism, absence, flexibility and the everyday impact of periods on work and study.

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02

Endometriosis & adenomyosis

Pain, diagnostic journeys, treatment, work participation, flexibility and productivity.

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03

Menopause & perimenopause

Symptoms, confidence, work ability, workplace culture, adjustments and evidence gaps.

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04

PCOS

Work disruption, quality of work, healthcare experiences and feeling held back at work.

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05

Fertility & reproductive health

Treatment, appointments, disclosure, flexibility and the interaction between care and work.

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06

Pregnancy & pregnancy loss

Work participation, recovery, privacy, support and workplace responses.

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07

Cancer & serious illness

Treatment, leave, income, fatigue, return to work and flexible arrangements.

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08

Healthcare experiences

Dismissal, minimisation, diagnostic delay, misdiagnosis, repeated help-seeking and work impact.

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09

Work participation

Attendance, presenteeism, hours, duties, retention, career progression and workforce exit.

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10

Disclosure & workplace support

When women speak, why they may not, manager response, privacy and workplace adjustments.

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11

Organisational practice

Policy, leadership, flexibility, implementation, manager capability and consistency.

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12

Evidence gaps

Where the research remains incomplete, inconsistent or disconnected from women's full journeys.

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13

Treatment & recovery

Medication and treatment effects, surgery, recovery, appointments and return-to-work experiences.

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14

Life beyond work

Caring, family, relationships, daily functioning, finances, quality of life and what maintaining employment can require elsewhere.

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15

Psychosocial health & work

Mental health impact, psychological safety, psychosocial hazards, stigma, disclosure, bullying, job demands, job control, support and organisational justice.

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16

Communication, empathy & psychological safety

Listening, supportive leadership, disclosure experiences, respectful communication, manager response and the relational side of workplace support.

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17

Women’s heart & cardiovascular health

Life-course risk, recognition and care gaps, acute events, rehabilitation and sustainable return to work.

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Health × Work

The evidence is about more than sick leave.

Work impact can be visible — or almost completely hidden.

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Presenteeism matters.

Research on menstruation-related symptoms shows that productivity loss while remaining at work can outweigh absence. This is one reason WWW looks beyond whether someone showed up.

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Health experiences can shape career outcomes.

Studies across conditions including PCOS, endometriosis and menopause report associations with reduced work quality, changed hours, intention to leave, lost opportunities or difficulty remaining in work.

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Work can also shape the health experience.

Work demands, environmental conditions, job control, flexibility and workplace culture can affect how manageable symptoms feel while working.

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The evidence is not equally strong everywhere.

Some topics have large observational studies; others rely on smaller, self-selected or qualitative samples. WWW will make those differences visible rather than treating all findings as equivalent.

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Healthcare × Work

The workplace story can begin before diagnosis.

Women may continue working while seeking answers, returning repeatedly to healthcare, trying different treatments or managing symptoms that do not yet have a name.

  • symptoms dismissed or minimised
  • diagnostic delay
  • misdiagnosis or revised diagnosis
  • repeated healthcare seeking
  • treatment side effects and recovery
  • the work impact of appointments and uncertainty

Healthcare experience is not separate from working life.

Australian qualitative research into endometriosis includes women describing dismissal, delayed investigation and the need to push for care.

Women Working Well treats that journey as part of the work story too.

Read the Australian study →
Communication, empathy & psychological safety

Support is experienced through human interaction.

Policies and adjustments matter, but so does the way a conversation is received. This evidence pathway will bring together research on listening, empathy, supportive leadership, disclosure, psychological safety and respectful workplace communication.

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Evidence themes we will build

ListeningEmpathyManager responseSupportive leadershipDisclosurePsychological safetyRespectTrustCommunicationFollow-through

WWW principle: a woman should not have to deliver the perfect conversation to receive a respectful response.

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Psychosocial health & work

The way work is designed and managed can affect mental health too.

Women's health is not itself a psychosocial hazard. But job demands, low job control, poor support, poor organisational justice, harmful behaviours and poor workplace relationships can create or increase psychosocial risk around a difficult health experience.

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Evidence themes we will curate

Psychological safety Job demands Job control Support Organisational justice Bullying & conflict Stigma & disclosure Privacy Return to work Mental wellbeing
Australian WHS context: Safe Work Australia identifies job demands, low job control, poor support, poor organisational justice, bullying, harassment and conflict among common psychosocial hazards that can cause psychological harm.
Safe Work Australia — Psychosocial hazards →
Treatment, recovery & life beyond work

Work outcomes do not tell the whole story.

The evidence base also needs to consider what treatment itself changes, and what maintaining work may require from the rest of a woman's life.

Treatment & recovery evidence

This category will bring together evidence on treatment burden, medication and hormonal treatment effects, surgery, recovery, medical appointments, temporary changes in capacity and return to work.

MedicationHormonal treatmentSurgeryRecoveryAppointmentsReturn to work

Life beyond work evidence

This category will consider caring and parenting, household responsibilities, relationships, social participation, sleep, finances, independence, quality of life and the personal cost of maintaining employment while unwell.

CaringFamilyRelationshipsDaily functionFinancesQuality of life
What workplace evidence tells us

Support is more than having a policy.

Evidence increasingly points to the interaction between workplace conditions, manager response, flexibility and organisational implementation.

FLEXIBILITY

Control can matter.

Australian research on endometriosis found greater flexibility and control over working time could make symptoms easier to manage and support productivity.

MANAGER SUPPORT

The response matters.

Workplace studies show that managers often become the point where policy is interpreted and access to support is enabled — or constrained.

IMPLEMENTATION

Policy does not equal practice.

Research can find formal flexibility policies alongside inconsistent application, poor communication or concern about stigma.

WORK ENVIRONMENT

Context changes experience.

Uniforms, temperature, access to facilities, task demands and control over the work environment can influence symptom experience.

RETENTION

Support can affect whether work remains viable.

Research into menopause and other conditions increasingly considers reduced hours, intention to leave and retention — not only immediate productivity.

EVIDENCE GAP

We still need intervention research.

The 2025 UK Government menopause review highlights a lack of high-quality evidence about which workplace interventions work best and for whom.

Evidence by geography

Context matters.

Workplace systems, healthcare access, employment law and cultural expectations differ. WWW will keep geography visible rather than assuming findings automatically apply everywhere.

Australia
United Kingdom
Canada
Europe
United States
Global / International

As the resource library grows, geography can become a live filter alongside health topic, work outcome and evidence type.

Evidence library

Start with trusted sources.

This first curated library will grow over time. Each source includes a plain-English note explaining why it matters to Women Working Well.

HealthGlobal

Endometriosis — WHO fact sheet

World Health Organization overview of endometriosis, including symptoms, global prevalence and limitations in access to early diagnosis and effective treatment.

Why it matters: establishes authoritative global health context without turning prevalence into the whole work story.
World Health Organization →
WorkNetherlands

Menstruation-related productivity loss

Large cross-sectional survey examining absenteeism, presenteeism, disclosure and preferences for flexibility during menstruation-related symptoms.

Why it matters: shows why measuring absence alone can miss substantial work impact.
BMJ Open →
WorkHealthcareInternational

PCOS and employment-related productivity

Study examining missed work, extended leave, quality of work, feeling held back at work and healthcare-delivery factors among respondents with physician-diagnosed PCOS.

Why it matters: directly connects healthcare experience with employment outcomes.
Peer-reviewed study →
OrganisationWorkAustralia

Endometriosis and workplace flexibility

Australian study examining changes in symptom management and productivity when working arrangements became more flexible.

Why it matters: provides evidence that workplace design can influence how manageable health becomes at work.
Australian study →
OrganisationWorkUnited Kingdom

Menopause in the workplace literature review

UK Government review of evidence on menopause, employment, employer support, economic impact and evidence gaps.

Why it matters: useful not only for its findings, but for identifying where workplace intervention evidence remains weak.
UK Government →
HealthcareAustralia

Australian women's perspectives on endometriosis pain

Mixed-methods study including experiences of inadequate healthcare, dismissal, diagnostic delay, misdiagnosis and needing to push for care.

Why it matters: illustrates why healthcare experiences belong in a study of working life.
Australian qualitative research →
HealthWorkAustralia

Practical issues after breast cancer

Cancer Australia guidance covering financial issues, time away from work, returning to work, part-time work and flexible hours.

Why it matters: broadens the WWW evidence base beyond reproductive conditions and highlights treatment, recovery and return-to-work issues.
Cancer Australia →
HealthcareAustralia

Information-seeking among CALD women with endometriosis

Qualitative Australian research documenting barriers, delayed investigation and the need for self-advocacy among culturally and linguistically diverse women.

Why it matters: reminds us that healthcare journeys are not experienced equally and that diversity must remain visible.
Australian qualitative study →
OrganisationWorkAustralia

Psychosocial hazards at work

Safe Work Australia guidance on common psychosocial hazards, including job demands, low job control, poor support, poor organisational justice, bullying, harassment and conflict.

Why it matters: provides the Australian WHS framework for understanding how workplace conditions can create or increase psychological harm around a health experience.
Safe Work Australia →
OrganisationAustralia

Endo@Work employer research

Australian employer-focused research exploring workplace policies, manager roles, flexibility and the gap between policy and lived implementation.

Why it matters: supports the WWW principle that organisations create the conditions in which manager behaviour occurs.
Australian employer research →
From evidence to action

Research becomes useful when people can apply it.

The same evidence means different things depending on where you stand on the Bridge.

FOR WOMEN

Understand experiences.

See how health and healthcare experiences can interact with working life and what kinds of support are discussed in research.

FOR MANAGERS

Respond more confidently.

Use evidence to understand work impact, privacy, flexibility and why a respectful first response matters.

FOR ORGANISATIONS

Build better systems.

Connect policy, leadership, manager capability, flexibility and implementation to real workforce outcomes.

FOR RESEARCHERS

See the gaps.

Identify where evidence is strong, inconsistent, condition-specific or missing across the full health-to-work journey.

Where the evidence ends, the research begins

Existing research gives us important pieces of the picture.

The Global Women and Work Study is being developed to investigate the journey between those pieces — across health, healthcare and work.

Not one condition. Not one workplace moment. The whole journey.

Explore the Global Women and Work Study →
How we handle evidence

Credibility matters.

WWW should never need to exaggerate a statistic to make women's health at work matter.

✓Prefer original research, systematic reviews, government sources and recognised health authorities.
✓Show the source beside the claim wherever practical.
✓Distinguish global evidence from country-specific findings.
✓Describe the population and study context when a figure could otherwise be misleading.
✓Identify evidence gaps and limitations rather than hiding them.
✓Update the library as stronger or newer evidence becomes available.